Evaluation of Montenero Governance and Economic Reforms on the Way to Essay

Assessment of Montenero Governance and Economic Reforms while in transit to EU Membership - Essay Example This article presents a far reaching investigation of current political and monetary improvements in Montenegro, which is seeking after its further binds with the EU. Montenegro’s finish of its Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) arrangement with the European Commission will make ready for inevitable joining with he European Common market . The small country of only 620,000 has done as such in front of Serbia whose European aspirations have been slowed down with its refusal to help out the International Criminal Tribunal for the previous Yugoslavia. Montenegro looks ready to follow Croatia and Macedonia in effectively arranging promotion dealings. More noteworthy political solidness was accomplished with the majority rule decisions held in September in the year 2006 after the thin success in the choice in May, with only 55.5% of voters giving a go signal for freedom. Djukanovic, with his gathering in power has much more noteworthy influence to seek after administration changes in accordance with vote based standards as one of the primary requirements into entering the European Union. Held in a charge and reasonable way and in accordance with worldwide principles, the parliamentary decisions put Montenegro was seen well by the global network in its ability to address political changes and actualize them. As far as enactment, Montenegro has fortified its enemy of debasement drive. Key enactments for improved open obtainment and irreconcilable situation enactment are set to be passed and the Law on Free Access to Information was agreed upon (standard 10). Likewise just because as a sign towards more prominent Montenegro responsibility, 1,692 open authorities submitted investigates their salary and property (par10). Djukanovic in a meeting distributed in the New York Times said that his administration figured out how to pass 140 laws and a lot more guidelines in his past term as Prime Minister, with center around changes on the economy, training and organization. As to reactions that execution has been moderate, he said that the impacts of this change occupation will be seen simply following 5 years To additionally solidify its legitimate equitable system, Montenegro needs to make a

Some People Believe That Group Sport as Football or Hockey Too Competitive and Encourage the Worst Side of Human Behavior free essay sample

Question: . A few people accept that team activity as football or hockey excessively serious and support the most noticeably terrible side of human conduct They ought to be supplanted by non-serious exercise-based exercises like running swimming that additionally keep us fit. What do you think? Playing sports is gainful for our wellbeing, particularly for individuals who have bunches of work to do, which occupies a lot of wearing time these days. There are two sorts of sports: serious games and non-serious games. In some sense at least two individuals who practice together can be known as an opposition (Competitive games 2009, p. on the web). Individuals who like games have their own explanations behind picking various sorts of sports. All in all, serious games are cooperation. Joining the game is simply the most ideal approach to appear and a â€Å"must win† mentality is fundamental (Competitive games 2007, p. on the web). Simultaneously, we should concentrate how to coexist well with one another, and not simply flaunt; that will serve to disconnect us. We will compose a custom article test on A few People Believe That Group Sport as Football or Hockey Too Competitive and Encourage the Worst Side of Human Behavior or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It’s the why and wherefore we should have rivalry rules. In any case, rivalry exists. It’s savage on washouts. They may misfortune the game, yet in addition lose their confidence. In this way, before we join serious games, we should ensure we can concede rout. At the point when we play sports, for example, football, badminton and so forth, we additionally need to care for our bodies in light of the fact that serious games make individuals attempt their best to dominate the match; we have to shield our bodies from hurt (Competitive games 2009, p. on the web). On that there’s a wide assortment of non-rivalry sports like road boarding. Perhaps rivalry sports can be tedious contrasted and non-serious games, which ofter greater character and show. There is no time limit. We can have a ball. Non-serious games mean we simply challenge ourselves. A large portion of the non-serious games are conditions our body through the numerous activities; we can accept that it is a decent method to improve our bodies. It benefits our wellbeing both genuinely and mentally. Despite the fact that training we become increasingly sure and more grounded. At the point when we appreciate non-serious games, security is significant. Bunches of games are hazardous for us. Taking part in a bigger number of sports than your body can accept, may hurt it. After you know the standards you should locate a specialist individual to train you on the off chance that you are playing road loading up just because. Which one is better for us to play? The appropriate response relies upon our side interests, physical wellness and time. As it were, on the off chance that we don’t like to eat onions however we eat them perhaps we will feel horrendous. In any case, from my perspective, everybody likes sports. There are no special cases since sports are energizing. For the most part, rivalry sport possibly suits most people who like difficulties passage can pick non-serious games. Both these two games give us the inspiration to dominate the match. References Competitive games (2009), Time for change [Online]. Accessible at: http://www. china. organization. cn/english/highlights/Brief/193368. htm. [Accessed 12 October, 2009] Competitive games (2009), Time for change [Online]. Accessible at: Http://www. dailyecho. co. uk/news/1066958. school_sports_days_put_children_off_sp ort_mp/[Accessed 12 October, 2009]

Program Assistant Introduction Niara Valerio COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Program Assistant Introduction Niara Valerio COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Niara Valerio, 2nd year MPA IFEP GPP student Class has officially started for the 2018-2019 academic year! With this semester, we have a brand new group of program assistants who will be assisting the SIPA Office of Admissions. Well be featuring our new PAs over the next couple of weeks. For todays post, lets give a warm welcome to Niara Valerio! Niara is a current graduate student at Columbia University studying International Finance and Economic Policy with a specialization in Gender and Public Policy. Niara grew up in New York City and completed her undergraduate degree at Harvard University where she studied Economics and Government. Prior to enrolling at SIPA, Niara worked as an Investment Intern at Women’s World Banking Capital Partners and served as Economic Affairs Adviser to the Permanent Observer Mission of the African Union. Niara has a strong interest in women’s economic empowerment and hopes to work for either a venture capital or private equity fund after graduation. She recently started her own ed-tech company, Purpose Tutors, which provides test prep and mentorship to underserved students in the South Bronx. Her hope is to gain the experience to one day start her own fund to invest in female and minority led companies. What were you doing before you came to SIPA? I was working as an Economic Affairs Advisor at the Permanent Observer Mission of the African Union to the United Nations. What attracted you to SIPA and Columbia University? I wanted to come to SIPA because I was attracted to all the different course offerings and how international the school is. I was especially interested in the Gender and Public Policy Specialization. My focus is on Women’s Economic Empowerment and I wanted to attend a school that allowed me to pursue my interests in both finance and gender. Have you taken classes at other Columbia Schools? Yes, I’ve taken several courses outside of SIPA, I took a class at the Mailman School of Public Health “Public Health and Abortion Policy” and one at the Institute for Research in African-American Studies (IRAAS), “Gender, Sexuality and Labor in the Caribbean.” I really valued the opportunity to get to know other students and professors within the Columbia community and outside of SIPA. Did you choose to attend SIPA to change careers, or to gain experience in a career path you already had experience in? A little bit of both, I already had some exposure to finance and economics prior to attending SIPA but I wanted to get more experience in Gender and Public Policy. I think SIPA is a great place to blend different interest areas because the course offerings are so diverse. You can really tailor your coursework to suit your own interests. How did you obtain your internship? My internship last year was with Accion EAST in their SBA Lending division, I actually applied via SIPA Link and heard back pretty quickly, I was offered the position on the spot, but I think I was very lucky in that regard, that doesn’t usually happen. What has been the best part of your SIPA experience? The people I’ve met for sure! I think SIPA attracts a really dynamic, interesting group of people with unique perspectives; you have the opportunity to be exposed to so many different cultures and backgrounds. I definitely appreciate how much I’ve learned from my classmates. [Photo courtesy of Niara Valerio]

Apple Inc. Case Study - 1494 Words

Apple Inc. Case Study TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPANY OVERVIEW General Description Historical Outline Industry Current Challenges Ethics and Responsibility STRATEGIC INFORMATION Mission Statement Competition SWOT Analysis HISTORICAL FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Historical Financial Information Competitive Financial Analysis Summary FUTURE PLANS Competitive Advantage Recent Performance Business Environment Recommendations Zackery Butler, Connor Daugherty, Stanashia Davis, Gabrielle Drohan, and Lauren Spears COMPANY OVERVIEW General Information Based in Cupertino, California, Apple Inc. has become one of the titans of the technological industry in the 39 years since it was created in the spring of 1976. This growing company employees over 115,000 people and has 450 retail stores in 16 different countries. With an annual revenue of $233 billion in 2015 Apple Inc. is the most prosperous technological company in the world. Along with its many retail locations Apple also runs the online Apple Store making it a truly global brand. Over the years Apple has expanded their product line; in its infancy the company specialized in personal computers but more recently the main product line is phones and tablets. Apple’s other significant products include computer software and other consumer electronics (iPod, Apple Watch, and Apple computers). B. Historical Outline Apple Computer Company was founded in a residential garage by Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak in AprilShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Apple Inc.1349 Words   |   6 Pages Case Analysis: APPLE INC.: IPODS AND ITUNES Donna Martinelli TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY September 3, 2014 Table of Contents Executive Summary..................................................................................................3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Defining the Challenge...............................................................................................3 Analyzing the case data....................Read MoreCase Study : Apple Inc. Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study: Apple Apple Inc. focuses on the design, manufacture, and marketing of personal computers, mobile phones, multimedia devices, and portable music players. Apple Inc. offers consumers manufactured goods under the brand names Apple Watch, iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod, and Apple TV. Enhancing the customer experience through their proprietary software applications iOS, X, OS, and watchOS brands; and services across their Apple Pay and iCloud products (Forbes.com, 2016). Explored in detail, Apple’sRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1971 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Essay Introduction Apple Inc. is a globally recognised pioneer in the tech industry. It is a corporation that designs, develops and sells electronic products such as tablets, computers and phones. Founded by Ronald Wayne, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976, it is a multinational corporation with headquarters in Cupertino, California. Tim Cook has been CEO since Jobs’ passing in 2011. Labour conditions Despite its global recognition and status, Apple Inc. has come under scrutiny in recentRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.2083 Words   |  9 PagesBackground This paper presents a case study of Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is a technology based corporation with emphasis on computer software and hardware (MAC and Apps), tablets (IPad), smart phones (IPhone), and mp3 plays, (ITouch). Apple Inc. has grown tremendously over the years and ever since 2001 has expanded its brand and retail stores to over 375 stores/outlets globally. The business has seventy two thousand eight hundred employees in thirty eight countries. Apple Inc. has truly become one of theRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc. Essay6014 Words   |  25 PagesIntroduction On a daily basis we all encounter all forms of technology. There are several technological corporations in the current industry but one stands out†¦.Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an international corporation, situated in Cupertino, California. The company designs, manufactures and markets consumer electronics and computer software products. Apple is well known for its hardware products such as Macintosh computers, the iPod, the iPhone and its innovative software such as the Mac OS X operating systemRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1943 Words   |  8 Pages Apple Inc was incorporated in 1977 by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. As a startup company Apple Inc went through several management changes and conflicts which caused the company to lose some of its competitive advantage against companies like Dell, Gateway and Microsoft. The company designs and manufactures various products in the computer and music industry. Apple being strictly a personal computer company decided to venture into marketing other products like the iPod, a digital music player, andRead MoreApple Inc Case Study851 Words   |  4 PagesApple inc. 1) Introduction Background and summary This article present the story of Steve Jobs and it’s Apple company through two aspects. From the company history perspective and the product industry perspective. On company history side: Apple was founded by two Steves. Apple board later fired Jobs and gradually went near bankruptcy. Till 1997, Apple brought back Jobs and became the most valuable company in the world in 2012. On the product industry side, Article dig into the fieldRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1417 Words   |  6 Pageschanged the world with Apple Inc Company. Both of them was out of college, they were making so much money in the computer company Apple was started with introduction of computer I computer on April 1, 1976. Apple was incorporated January 3, 1977. The Apple II was introduced on April 16, 1977 at the first West Coast computer Faire. The Apple II was chosen to be the desktop platform for the ground breaking use call spreadsheet program. He was created a business market for the Apple II and gave home usersRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1732 Words   |  7 PagesApple Inc. is a California based company that was incorporated in 1977. According to University of Oregon Investment Group, â€Å"Apple operates out of 8 different segments: Desktops, Portables, iPod, iPhone, iPad, other music related products and services, peripherals and other hardware, software, service and oth er sales† (2012). According to the company’s 2013 10-K, â€Å"Apple sells its products worldwide through its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, as well as through third-party cellularRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.867 Words   |  4 PagesApple Inc. is a Multinational Corporation situated in Cupertino California. Macintosh produces iPods, IPhones, I Pads, and Mac PCs. They most as of late have declared the dispatch of their new apple watches alongside new iPhone models. Apple is an organization known for offering smooth, simple to-utilize, very looked for after items around the world. The organization builds up a long haul association with customers of offering so as to change age’s great administration in their retail locations furthermore

Complete List of American Revolution Battles

The battles of the American Revolution were fought as far north as Quebec and as far south as Savannah. As the war became global with the entry of France in 1778, other battles were fought overseas as the powers of Europe clashed. Beginning in 1775, these battles brought to prominence previously quiet villages such as Lexington, Germantown, Saratoga, and Yorktown, forever linking their names with the cause of American independence. Fighting during the early years of the American Revolution was generally in the North, while the war shifted south after 1779. During the war, around 25,000 Americans died (approx. 8,000 in battle), while another 25,000 were wounded. British and German losses numbered around 20,000 and 7,500 respectively. American Revolution Battles 1775 April 19 - Battles of Lexington Concord - Massachusetts April 19, 1775-March 17, 1776 - Siege of Boston - Massachusetts May 10 - Capture of Fort Ticonderoga - New York June 11-12 - Battle of Machias - Massachusetts (Maine) June 17 - Battle of Bunker Hill - Massachusetts September 17-November 3 - Siege of Fort St. Jean - Canada September 19-November 9 - Arnold Expedition - Maine/Canada December 9 - Battle of Great Bridge - Virginia December 31 - Battle of Quebec - Canada 1776 February 27 - Battle of Moores Creek Bridge - North Carolina March 3-4 - Battle of Nassau - Bahamas June 28 - Battle of Sullivans Island (Charleston) - South Carolina August 27-30 - Battle of Long Island - New York September 16 - Battle of Harlem Heights - New York October 11 - Battle of Valcour Island - New York October 28 - Battle of White Plains - New York November 16 - Battle of Fort Washington - New York December 26 - Battle of Trenton - New Jersey 1777 January 2 - Battle of the Assunpink Creek - New Jersey January 3 - Battle of Princeton - New Jersey April 27 - Battle of Ridgefield - Connecticut June 26 - Battle of Short Hills - New Jersey July 2-6 - Siege of Fort Ticonderoga - New York July 7 - Battle of Hubbardton - Vermont August 2-22 - Siege of Fort Stanwix - New York August 6 - Battle of Oriskany - New York August 16 - Battle of Bennington - New York September 3 - Battle of Coochs Bridge - Delaware September 11 - Battle of Brandywine - Pennsylvania September 19 October 7 - Battle of Saratoga - New York September 21 - Paoli Massacre - Pennsylvania September 26-November 16 - Siege of Fort Mifflin  - Pennsylvania October 4 - Battle of Germantown - Pennsylvania October 6 - Battle of Forts Clinton Montgomery - New York October 22 - Battle of Red Bank - New Jersey December 19-June 19, 1778 - Winter at Valley Forge - Pennsylvania 1778 June 28 - Battle of Monmouth - New Jersey July 3 - Battle of Wyoming (Wyoming Massacre) - Pennsylvania August 29 - Battle of Rhode Island - Rhode Island 1779 February 14 - Battle of Kettle Creek - Georgia July 16 - Battle of Stony Point - New York July 24-August 12 - Penobscot Expedition - Maine (Massachusetts) August 19 - Battle of Paulus Hook - New Jersey September 16-October 18 - Siege of Savannah - Georgia September 23 - Battle of Flamborough Head (Bonhomme Richard vs. HMS Serapis) - waters off Britain 1780 March 29-May 12 - Siege of Charleston - South Carolina May 29 - Battle of Waxhaws - South Carolina June 23 - Battle of Springfield - New Jersey August 16 - Battle of Camden - South Carolina October 7 - Battle of Kings Mountain - South Carolina 1781 January 5 - Battle of Jersey - Channel Islands January 17 - Battle of Cowpens - South Carolina March 15 - Battle of Guilford Court House - North Carolina April 25 - Battle of Hobkirks Hill - South Carolina September 5 - Battle of the Chesapeake - waters off Virginia September 6 - Battle of Groton Heights - Connecticut September 8 - Battle of Eutaw Springs - South Carolina September 28-October 19 - Battle of Yorktown - Virginia 1782 April 9-12 - Battle of the Saintes - Caribbean

Globalization and Its Affects Free Essays

Globalization is the process of growing integration of economies and societies around the world. It refers to economic globalization through  trade,  foreign direct investment, capital flows,  migration and the spread of technology. The principle of globalization is free markets, reduction of barriers in exchanging and trading goods,  which makes  the specialization in export-import. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization and Its Affects or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, globalization has not only positive, but  also  negative  effects. Firstly,  it  is  necessary to mention that globalization  makes  our society  develop. It helps to share   ideas and innovations. Globalization  has an  impact on economic growth in the world. An impact of Foreign Direct Investment on economic growth has had a positive growth effect in wealthy countries and  has led to an increase  in trade resulting in higher growth rates. On the other hand, many firms from developed countries outsourced their manufacturing to so-called third world countries, where  the labour  costs are  low. Workers from developed countries are  not happy about that, because they feel that  their jobs are  taken from them. Another problem of globalization and outsourcing is that it encourages slavery and child labour. Furthermore, I  would  Ã‚  like to add that people become more social when there  are  no borders between countries. They can move freely from state to state, share their ideas and beliefs. In everyday life we feel an impact of globalization as we  can  enjoy foreign cuisines, music, art, movies or even learn foreign languages. However, globalization  causes  Ã‚  huge damage to national culture, because we  are greatly influenced by  more developed countries and we cannot  resist it. It  is  known  that globalization is about sharing novelties. Medicine and health care  are  improving all the time. Globalization helps doctors and scientists from all over the world share ideas and even work together so  that  they can reach better results and make new discoveries. However, globalization  is thought to have contributed to the  spread  of  diseases, especially AIDS. When it appeared in  the  USA, it was known just in some African states. Owing to the process  of globalization and colonization,  it  has  spread in the whole world. On balance, globalization is spreading rapidly in  contemporary  world. It improves economic  ties  between countries and helps to create  a  barrier-free trading system. Although it  has beneficial  influence  on  economy, globalization makes  an adverse  impact on culture and traditions. How to cite Globalization and Its Affects, Papers

Seagrass free essay sample

Deterioration of Seagrass beds has occurred in many places throughout the world as a result of various environmental changes. Such changes are a result of anthropogenic impacts, including pollution, urbanisation and accelerated sediment transport, as well as sea level rise and climate change (Hemminga and Duarte, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Seagrass or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Coincident with land use changes, and in concert with other changes in the estuarine landscape, intertidal and sub tidal seagrass beds have, in many places, been recorded as either retreating or disappearing entirely from estuarine areas. In New Zealand, while there is insufficient quantitative historical data to quantify the rate or extent of change in seagrass habitats nationally, in some locations sufficient information exists to suggest that similar large declines have happened here (e. g. in Tauranga Harbour; Park, 1999). This is correlated with considerable development of the coastal zone in the last century, which is continuing at a rapid rate through ongoing urbanization. In the later half of last century, the ecological importance of seagrasses became recognised in the scientific literature, and is now reasonably well documented worldwide (Hemminga and Duarte, 2000). There are more than 50 species identified globally, which occupy a wide ecological range, from the intertidal zone down to depths of greater than 50 m where water clarity is sufficiently high. Internationally, seagrass beds are considered to be an important marine ecosystem, and one of the most productive, with high biodiversity and habitat value, and playing a vital role in supporting fisheries, protecting other components of the ecosystem (including coral reefs) by binding sediment and reducing turbidity, and providing defence from coastal erosion (Hemminga and Duarte, 2000). In other countries, seagrass collected and used as fertilizer for sandy soil especially in the Riade, Aveirio, Portugal, where the plants collected were named â€Å"molico†. But it was in high demand by the french forces who started to use the grass as main commodity to make a furniture and woven like rattan during the World War I. But here in the Philippines, in some places in Bicol Region like Camarines Sur, Albay and Sorsogon starts to make the grass a source of income. A farm pest and wild grass before, is now a trend to know there place all over the world by making this grasses into a useful and environmental friendly products. This research will brings you all the information you need to understand in terms of production sectors, post harvest, processing up to marketing aspects. Objectives of the study This study generally aimed to determine how Seagrass handicraft making was proroduced, made and its adoption among trainees in selected areas in San Fernando, Camarines Sur as their One town, One Product (OTOP). Specifically this study sought to: 1. Determine and describe the communication strategy used to introduce the Seagrass handicraft making among rural households and Seagrass farmers in San Fernando, Camarines Sur. 2. Determine Problems or Hindrances in from Production sector to Marketing sector. 3. To know the process in terms of Producing, Harvesting, Processing and Marketing aspect of the said commodity. Scope and Limitation of the Study 1. In terms of Produstion Sector: Zone 2, New Poblacion, Cabosao, Camarines Sur with 6 hectares plantation of Seagrass owned by Mr. Roberto Villanueva. 2. In terms of Processing Sector: In Del Pilar, San Fernando Camarines Sur, there are 4 produst maker of the Segrass Handicraft. They are Mrs. Evelyn and Noora 3. In terms of Marketing Sectors: Ligao, Albay and other part of Metro Manila I. Agribusiness System Production System Owner Background Name : Roberto Villanueva Age : 52 years old Address : Zone 2, New Poblacion, Cabosao, Camarines Sur Financer : Rannel Abejero Age : 32 years old Farm size : 6 Hectares Input This commodity is not much need inputs like fertilizer and proper soil management because this commodity in others it is just a pest in their farm and aside from that, its just grow unexpectedly, dont need more keen attention and management to grow. Just wait for atleast 2 to 3 months to reach its maturity and ready to market. Harvesting Seagrass After 2 to 3 months, the grass is now ready to Harvest.

Essay on Fathers Parent and Fathers

Essay on Fathers Parent and Fathers Essay on Fathers: Parent and Fathers Explain how services/settings can support young fathers to engage with their children’s needs and development Settings such as day nurseries, schools or playgroups can Offer opportunities for fathers to be involved in a setting by suggesting they engage with the setting in more traditionally male roles - Fathers leading football or sports sessions, demonstrating building skills, supporting children to do the gardening are all ways that engage fathers in a role that both fathers and other mothers feel comfortable in seeing them in. Culturally diverse fathers might have skills to share in addition to this, cooking curry with the children as most Indian chefs are men, or cultural activities that we are yet unaware of that could be incorporated into the curriculum through planning topics that are culturally relevant. Once young Fathers are in schools or other settings and see the advantages of their involvement in supporting their child’s academic achievements and social needs being met they may be happier to engage with the setting and their children in other ways. Parent partnership or liaison committees are another good way of encouraging fathers’ involvement, especially if it is seen as a more business supportive role, as the fathers feel they can offer support in an area that might be their expertise- accounts, marketing etc. This type of group, however, might not attract some cultural fathers if there is a language barrier but for other cultures such as like eastern Asian this might be seen as a very good opportunity. Having social meetings like family fun days, where both parents can attend, is another good way of encouraging Fathers’ participation. Often father feel more confident if they are in the setting with their partner as they can explain the routines and rules and introduce them to staff and other parents this then builds up their confidence to attend alone. Once they are involved in the setting will hopefully become more involved in their children’s needs and learning in other ways. Services such as children’s centre’s can engage with young fathers by running classes specifically designed to support young fathers where they can meet other young fathers and make relationships with them as well as learn skills. ‘Ladz to Dads’ and ‘Sat Dad’

Calculating the Mean, Median, and Mode

Calculating the Mean, Median, and Mode Before you can begin to understand statistics, you need to understand mean, median, and mode. Without these three methods of calculation, it would be impossible to interpret much of the data we use in daily life. Each is used to find the statistical midpoint in a group of numbers, but they all do so differently.   The Mean When people talk about statistical averages, they are referring to the mean. To calculate the mean, simply add all of your numbers together. Next, divide the sum by however many numbers you added. The result is your mean or average score. For example, lets say you have four test scores: 15, 18, 22, and 20. To find the average, you would first add all four scores together, then divide the sum by four. The resulting mean is 18.75. Written out, it looks something like this: (15 18 22 20) / 4 75 / 4 18.75 If you were to round up to the nearest whole number, the average would be 19. The Median The median is the middle value in a data set. To calculate it, place all of your numbers in increasing order. If you have an odd number of integers, the next step is to find the middle number on your list. In this example, the middle or median number is 15: 3, 9, 15, 17, 44 If you have an even number of data points, calculating the median requires another step or two. First, find the two middle integers in your list. Add them together, then divide by two. The result is the median number. In this example, the two middle numbers are 8 and 12: 3, 6, 8, 12, 17, 44 Written out, the calculation would look like this: (8 12) /  2   20 / 2 10 In this instance, the median is 10. The Mode In statistics, the mode in a list of numbers refers to the integers that occur most frequently. Unlike the median and mean, the mode is about the frequency of occurrence. There can be more than one mode or no mode at all; it all depends on the data set itself. For example, lets say you have the following list of numbers: 3, 3, 8, 9, 15, 15, 15, 17, 17, 27, 40, 44, 44 In this case, the mode is 15 because it is the integer that appears most often. However, if there were one fewer 15 in your list, then you would have four modes: 3, 15, 17, and 44. Other Statistical Elements Occasionally in statistics, youll also be asked for the range in a set of numbers. The range is simply the smallest number subtracted from the largest number in your set. For example, lets use the following numbers: 3, 6, 9, 15, 44 To calculate the range, you would subtract 3 from 44, giving you a range of 41. Written out, the equation looks like this:   44 – 3 41 Once youve mastered the basics of mean, median, and mode, you can begin to learn about more statistical concepts. A good next step is studying  probability, the chance of an event happening.

Why don't we prove results in social research Essay

Why don't we prove results in social research - Essay Example However, it is different from scientific research. In order to prove the results of research there are certain elements that must exist. In science, the basic research elements are observation, description, prediction, control, falsification, and causal explanation. Descriptions should be reliable and repeatable. In social research, however, if the same study were conducted by another researcher in another place, the descriptions would not be the same. This is also true of falsification. Falsification is the ability to rule out all other possibilities, rather than merely accepting the results. Since humans are unique in nature, the chances of disproving the results of many social research cases by conducting another study using different subjects would be strong. Instead of looking to rule out possibilities, a social researcher looks to find all the possibilities that explain a certain behavior. In addition, as societies grow and change, the results of social research will also continue to change. The social sciences are not concrete like the natural sciences. They are evolving. They rely on interpretations and ideas, rather than hard facts. For these reasons, social research is not something that can be proved. It is very important that social research methods take measures to maintain a level of trust between the research

Role of the Mentor When Evaluting Student Learning Essay

Role of the Mentor When Evaluting Student Learning - Essay Example The NMC values the experiential knowledge borne by mentors as a way of enhancing the professional and clinical expertise development of the student nurses; hence the decision to formalise and clearly define mentorship. In 2008, the NMC published a mentorship code specifying the importance of mentorship programs in supporting the needs of student nurses in terms of professional development (NMC 2008). The formal roles of mentors according to the NMC involve guiding students in the multidisciplinary clinical environment to ensure seamless transfer once they are finally ready to join the clinical setting (Kinnell and Hughes 2010). The mentors also assess the learning undertaken by the student nurses. Hence, they are indispensable in the evaluation of student nurses. The Roles of Mentors According to the NMC (2008), the mentor helps the students to identify and achieve the learning objectives of the clinical placement. Through experience and the training they have undertaken, mentors are in a position to guide the student through learning requirements during the placement. This involves explaining the learning objectives and ensuring the student nurses are aware of the learning outcomes. After helping students to understand the learning objectives, the mentors then ensure that the desired learning activities take place. This is through activities such as coordinating the learning needs of the students- for instance, through helping them to draw learning timetables. They also ensure students’ comprehension through linking the theory already borne by the students with what is now practiced. Another way to achieve this is through encouraging reflective practice on... This essay approves that the mentor has influential responsibilities in the experiential and professional development of a student nurse. This can be seen in the mentor’s role in helping establish learning objectives and achieve them through guidance and establishing the right environment for learning. Besides this, the mentor is a hugely influential figure in the student’s assessment. Formal or informal continuous assessment involves the mentor actively engaging the student on a day-to-day basis. On the other hand, intermediate interviews provide for formal assessment. They are a landmark in the student’s clinical placement experience during which the student’s progress can be established. Aspects of such evaluation involve establishing whether the student is able to link theoretical knowledge with practice and evaluation of their professional development. This paper makes a conclusion that critical analysis of the intermediate interview form of assessment reveals that it is highly significant in re-focusing the student towards the learning objectives or action plan. It also offers a chance for the mentor to provide relevant feedback to the student to help with the rest of their development. On the flipside, it is a one off activity, which if unaccompanied by continuous assessment may result in incorrect evaluation of the student. The conclusion is that mentors play a hugely influential role in intermediate assessment.

Strategic Management Of Ryanair Commerce Essay

Strategic Management Of Ryanair Commerce Essay Ryanair was set up in 1985 andzz is one of the oldest and most successful low-cost airlines of Europe. In fact, Ryanair was one of the first independent airlines in Ireland. In 2001, many believed that Ryanair was like the Wal-Mart and Southwest Airlines of Europe. Ryanair transformed the Irish air services market where other airlines like Avair failed to compete with the more powerful national carrier Aer Lingus. 2. INTRODUCTRION RYANAIR: The ‘Southwest of European Airlines in 2007 Ryanair, Europes biggest low-fares airline (LFA ) reported its third quarter results for 2007 with net profits dropping 27 percent compared to a net profit of 48 million a year earlier. Ryanair cited poor market conditions, fuel costs (oil prices at $90 a barrel) and concerns on recession in the UK and many other European economies for its current performance and not so strong future profit expectations. With average winter fares dropping almost 5 percent its underlying net profit in the three months to end December fell to 35 million euros ($52 million). Other factors that contributed included doubling of airport charges combined with reduction of winter capacity at Stinted , significant cost increases at Dublin Airport combined with longer sector lengths and staff costs which increased by 18 pct to 67 million euros. Ryanairs net profit figure excluded a one-off gain of 12.1 million euros ($17.99 million) arising from the disposal of 5 Boeing 737-800 aircrafts. 3. CURRENT FACT THAT MAKES RYANAIR SUCCESSFUL * the Worlds favourite airline * 37 bases and 950+ low fare routes across 26 countries, connecting 150 destinations * 210 new Boeing 737-800 aircraft with firm orders for a further 102 new aircraft * employs a team of more than 7 000 people * expects to carry approximately 66 million passengers 4. ENVIRONMNETAL ANALYSIS 4.1 PESTEL ANALYSIS For determining the key issues will be faced by any of internationally growing organisation such as Ryanair, PESTEL analysis plays a key role to highlight the problems in different sectors of competition issues. These factors are mentioned below: 4.1.1 POLITICAL FACTOR * Strengths and pressure of trade unions. * Global Village (I-e Growth and expansion of EU countries). * Terrorism increased number of security measures. * Involvement of environmental organisations is increasing environmental protection charges. * Support of French government to their own national airlines. 4.1.2 ECONOMIC FACTOR * Day by day increase in fuel charges.  · Devaluation of dollar price.  · Increase use of high speed travelling through cars and trains.  · European Union expansion. 4.1.3 SOCIAL FACTOR * Increase in grey market * Increasing travelling lifestyle * Increasing business travelling 4.1.4 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR  · Increasing volume of internet advertising.  · Use of satellite TV.  · Environmental friendly cars (Hybrid technology).  · Internet competition. 4.1.5 ENVIRONMENT FACTOR  · Control of noise level.  · Green house / carbon emission effect. 4.1.6 LEGAL FACTOR * Misleading advertisement driving towards increased number of allegations * Illegal subsidies for Airports * Wheelchair charges 4.2 PORTERS FIVE FORCES 4.2.1 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIER (LOW) 1. Boeing is RAs main suppliers 2. Only 2 possible suppliers of planes Boeing and Airbus witching costs from one supplier to the other is high because all mechanics and pilots would have to be retrained. 3. Price of aviation fuel is directly related to the cost of oil (Ryanair controls these through hedging). 4. Regional Airports have little bargaining power as they are heavily dependent on one airline 5. Bigger airports, where Ryanairs competitors operate, have greater bargaining power. Ryanairs policy is to try and avoid these airports. 4.2.2 BUYER POWER (LOW) LOW Bargaining Power of Customers 1. Customers are price sensitive 2. Switching to another airline is relatively simple and is not related to high costs (Internet-all airlines are online) 3. Customers know about the cost of supplying the service 4. No loyalty 4.2.3 THREATS OF NEW ENTRANTS (HIGH) LOW New Entrants 1. Some barriers to entry (restricted number of licenses for air carriers) 2. High capital investment 3. Restricted slot 4.2.4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES (HIGH) 1. Fast speed trains running on short hales. 2. New hybrid technology introduced in the new cars which save fuel of holidaymakers and thay can enjoy nice breaks in different countries. 3. Other competitive new European airlines. 4.2.5 COMPETITIVE RIVALERY (MEDIUM) 1. Deregulations and increase in number of new routes will encourage other people carriers/ competitors to fill the gap which indicates the sign of increase in buyer power. 2. New mergers and alliances by big airlines such as British Airways and Iberia. 3. Other big competitors such as Air France and KLM etc. Will attract the customer by gathering the data of frequent flyers and offering them special perks/ discounts to increase their customer loyalty. 4. Various other airlines are thinking to provide comfort and extra services to their premium business passengers. 4.3 INDUSTRY PROFITABILITY 1. High forces are applied on other industrial competitors specially for new entrants as the gap in the industry is already covered by Ryanair and Easyjet after capturing low traffic airports. 2. By easily building a good infrastructure by Ryanair is made difficult for other competitors in industry to setup a new heavy budgeted cost to compete. 4.4 STRATEGIC GROUP ANALYSIS STRATEGIC GROUP Strategic group is the group of firms in an industry following the same or similar strategy along the strategic dimensions. (Page No. 129 Porter 1980) 1. In the light of all points discussed above, it is quite clarified that other strategic groups such as Easy Jet and Flybe are using nearly same kind of techniques to attract market share towards their company. 2. On the other hand, latest merger between British Airways and Iberia will be a new intimation for Ryanair in U.K as they will introduce low packages for American division where Iberia is already effectively working so that is the barrier for Ryanair to grow its market share in American region. 3. Cheap flights already offered by Lufthansa to get the good competition with Ryanair. 4.5 RESOURCED-BASED OF RYANAIR The resource based view does not focus so much on the actual labour and capital deployed by the company, but rather on the way in which these resources are utilised. (Strategic Planning, Prof. Alex Scott 2008) Resources are tangible and intangible assets a firm uses to choose and implement its strategies. Capabilities are the skills a firm uses to bring its resources to bear. The capabilities of the firm are: * Lowest airfare rates * Simple processes (no frills) * Large brand awareness * Clear offer (focuses on particular market segment) * Innovative strategies on cost cutting * Quick turnaround time The resource-based approach uses various terms for different types of resources. Resources include physical resources, human resources, financial resources and intellectual resources. Competences arise from the continual deployment and integration of resources over time and across activities. Core competences are necessary for successful performance. Distinctive capabilities are competences superior to competitors. Taken together these can be regarded as the companys strategic capabilities. 4.6 ANALYSIS OF CORE COMPETENCIES Threshold Capabilities Resources Competencies Threshold Resources Threshold Competences Tangible Ø Fleer Commonality Ø Quantitative Carrier Services Ø Keep maintaining Low Cost Ø Online Reservation Resources Ø Load Competence Intangible Ø Experienced/ Specialised Management Ø Customer Service Capabilities for Competitive Analysis Unique Resources Core Competences Tangible Ø Flight Frequency Ø Cargo Service Quality Ø Objective to Keep Low customer Fare Ø Provide Good Service of Online Booking/ No Luggage Booking Ø Low Fare Air Carrier in European Industry Intangible Ø Michael OLeary Ø In Flight Customer Care 4.7 USE OF PORTERS VALUE CHAIN MODEL BY RYANAIR RYAN1 4.8 OPPORTUNITIES: Europes bloodbath (again) 4.8.1 RECESSIONARY CONDITIONS SUIT TRUE LCCS BEST The synchronised global economic recession has handed Ryanair and similar carriers near-perfect operating conditions. As Ryanair explains, this recession has encouraged passengers to become much more price sensitive which is why they are switching to Ryanairs low fares and unbeatable customer service over all other competitors. The carriers near term outlook is bloody brilliant, according to Mr OLeary, who has warned, were determined there will be no green shoots of recovery for any of our competitors. In the coming Winter, there will be a bloodbath and we will be causing that bloodbath. The carrier expects a 15-20% reduction in average fares this year to around â‚ ¬32 per passenger. Ryanair is banking on several of its smaller rivals being unable to withstand falls of this magnitude over a sustained period. The resulting rationalisation of capacity would lead to a stabilisation of yields after the bloodbath or so the theory goes. Regardless, Ryanair is in a position to profit handsomely over the next 12 months. Ryanairs CFO, Howard Millar, summed it up; were the only airline in Europe predicting a profit for next year at this point in time. The airline forecasts a profit after tax of between â‚ ¬200 million to â‚ ¬300 million for the year ending 31-Mar-2010. 4.8.2 COLLAPSING AIRCRAFT ORDER BOOKS: Ryanair is also on the offensive for a cheap aircraft deal to cover its requirement for 200-300 aircraft between 2013 and 2016. Talks with Boeing have reportedly been scheduled for late Summer. With its negative net order book this year and a customer that is arguably too big to lose, Boeing may be more willing to deal than Airbus. The US dollar is certainly heading in the right direction for Ryanair at present, with a substantial delivery log. But both manufacturers know Ryanair needs more aircraft to keep its model working next decade and will not be too eager to discount. Contrary to OLearys charge that the aircraft order backlogs of Airbus and Boeing are collapsing, although there has been some churn in orders, the manufacturers still hold the upper hand. 12-18 months from now, it might be a different story. 4.9 THREATS: Distract and conquer 4.9.1 AER LINGUS HOBBLED, LUFTHANSA NEXT? Many analysts view Ryanairs pursuit of Aer Lingus as misguided by delusions of grandeur. It has certainly cost Ryanair dear, with another EUR222.5 million writedown of its investment booked in 2008/09. But Ryanairs total outlay for Aer Lingus shares will be a small price to pay for neutralising what was a well-oiled machine just a few years ago. Thanks to Ryanairs effective interference, Aer Lingus is now leaderless and adrift, discounting aggressively to raise cash to stay in the game. It may not survive the Winter independently. Some sort of rescue possibly involving Ryanair would result in a rationalisation of capacity and a restoration of yields in the LCCs core UK-Ireland markets. That too would help Ryanair, although the carrier would benefit more from simply growing its market even further. The airline posted a net loss of EUR169.2 million for the 12 months ended 31-Mar-2009, compared with a EUR390.7 million net profit a year earlier. Ryanair said it fell into the red chiefly because of a EUR222.5 million accounting write-down on the value of its 29.8% stake in Aer Lingus and higher jet fuel costs. Its pre-exceptionals operating profit was down 74% to EUR144.2 million, producing an operating margin of just under 5% well down on previous form. Ryanair operating profit margin FY06 to FY09 Source: Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation Ryanair The Master of Distraction, OLeary, has now turned his attention to Lufthansa. The German carrier is unlikely to be flattered that Ryanair has identified it as its next biggest threat, but would do well to maintain focused on the delicate task of empire building. If Lufthansa can effectively integrate Austrian Airlines, Brussels Airlines and bmi (plus one or two others), the group will pose a major threat to Ryanairs dominance, particularly as European economic conditions improve. But Ryanairs organic growth is arguably a better bet. 4.9.2 FUEL THREAT NEUTRALISED Surging world oil prices could hamper efforts by many airlines to stem losses this year. After a hedging misstep last year (which contributed to a 59% surge in fuel costs to EUR1.3 billion), Ryanair looks to have got it right, hedging 90% of its fuel requirements for the first three quarters of the current financial year (to 31-Dec-2009) at USD62 per barrel (although there was no word about currency hedging in the report). If oil prices remain at current levels, Ryanair expects its full-year fuel bill will be EUR450 million lower than last year. This factor alone makes its current earnings guidance appear conservative. Over the longer term, Ryanair faces a massive conundrum regarding fuel costs. Unlike McDonalds, Aldi and Ikea, Ryanair is unable to control its fundamental cost line. It may have missed the chance to lock-in fuel prices at low levels (like Southwest did at the start of this decade) for the next few years. The airline faces a medium to long-term margin squeeze as fuel costs rise on a scale it cannot cover with ancillary revenues. http://www.centreforaviation.com/news/2009/06/03/ryanair-swot-analysis-addicted-to-growth-a-great-model-for-bad-times/page1 5. POSITIONING DEFINITION Positioning is the act of designing the companys offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market. The goal is to locate the brand in the minds of consumers to maximize the potential benefit to the firm. (Marketing Management, Philip Kotler Kevin Lane Keller 2006) RYAN-2 Ryanair has the purest form of low cost airline in Europe. Ryanair boasts many No.1s: †¢ No.1 for passenger traffic- over 23m for 2004 overtaking Easyjet. †¢ No.1 for passenger growth- 50% + this year. †¢ No.1 for European routes (149) and bases (11). †¢ No.1 for customer service delivery- punctuality, flight completion and fewest lost baggage. 6. PORTERS GENERIC STRATEGY So as we can see from the above representation Ryanair is the most radical low cost airline, it * Differs from the closest competitor on the graph (i.e. Easyjet) because it uses secondary airports * To lower its cost base whereas Easyjet does not. Virgin Express is nearly stuck in the middle; it * Still offers seat allocations†¦ Aer Lingus is an interesting case as it has been gradually getting * Closer to the low cost model on its short haul flights. Ryanair comes out as the purest low cost carrier. * Also in appendix is a comparison of Ryanair against other LCC and traditional carriers based on * Some key operational measures. (Revenue, employee/passenger, revenue/employee†¦). 7. CRITICAL KEY SUCCESS FACTORS †¢ low ticket prices †¢ frequent departures †¢ possibility of advanced reservations (online reservation and luggage bookings) †¢ reliable baggage handling COST REDUCTION STRATEGY †¢ fleet commonality †¢ contracting out services †¢ airport charges and route policies †¢ managed staff costs †¢ productivity and managed marketing costs 7.1 FLEET COMMONALITY †¢ Only one kind of plane (Boeing Planes) †¢ Limits the costs for: Ø Staff training Ø Maintenance services and facility of obtaining spares Ø Facility in scheduling aircraft and crew assignment 7.2 CONTRACTING OUT SERVICES †¢ ancillary revenue 16% of profit (revenue from non-ticket ources) Ø deals with Hertz car rental hotels Ø ticketing handling (phone cards bus tickets) Ø aircraft handling 7.3 AIRPORT CHARGES AND ROUTE POLICIES †¢ no use of travel agents no agency commissions (saves 15% on agency fees) †¢ direct marketing techniques to recruit and retain customers (Effective use of internet sources) †¢ use of secondary and regional airports encourages: Ø no traffic jams Ø fees incomparably lower 7.4 MANAGED STAFF COSTS †¢ modest salary performance related pay structure helps to increases productivity †¢ pilots recruited when being pilot cadets so that will help and encourage them to: Ø work hard Ø take early promotion Ø move on after 10 years to further their careers Ø cabin crew pay for their uniforms to be cleaned that tends to: Ø invest in their own training Ø responsible for passenger safety and ancillary revenues on board 7.5 PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGED MARKETING COSTS †¢ spend as little as possible †¢ national and regional Irish and UK newspaper, on radio on television †¢ no advertising agency †¢ OLeary himself overseas promotion †¢ simple adverts (No hidden charges onn time of booking) 8. COMPETETIVE ADVANTAGES †¢ one class travel †¢ ticketless boarding †¢ flying to secondary airports †¢ point-to-point flying †¢ in-house marketing †¢ no frills †¢ reduced turnaround times †¢ no refund policy †¢ corporate partnerships (WITH SUPPLIERS) †¢ no cargo service †¢ bargaining power †¢ new aircrafts †¢ owns own fleet †¢ operations denominated in euro †¢ hedge fuel risk †¢ highly successful ancillary service offering †¢ outsourcing of services at international airports †¢ advertising on airplanes †¢ uniform fleet †¢ high productivity †¢ general cost reductions †¢ eliminating seatback pockets †¢ no blankets or pillows †¢ airsickness bags distributed on request †¢ charges larger penalties for overweight luggage 9. BUILDING BLOCKS OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE  · Hills Jones 2007 According to Hills Jones â€Å"Building the internal capabilities that deliver competitive advantage involves and integrated approach all areas of the organisation. These key capabilities involves in context of Ryanair are: 9.1 SUPERIOR EFFICIENCY (HIGH) As the competitive advantage of Ryanair reflects that the marketing strategy in respect of efficiency is very good (i-e Maximum number of flights to maximum destinations in minimum time interval). 9.2 SUPERIOR QUALITY (LOW) The policy of No Frills reflects the quality of customer services as ryanair promise to offer cheap flights but no extras on the top. 9.3 SUPERIOR INNOVATION (LOW) Ryanair is not that much innovative towards customer attraction in respect of giving them good attractive holiday packages, hotel stay or different classes of travelling (i-e Business class). 9.4 SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RESPONSIVENESS (HIGH) Customer responsiveness of ryanair is always high according to current market recession, as they offer cheapest flights to customer and this is the main key towards customer retention. 10. SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Ryan Air continues acceleration towards the low cost airline in Europe is manages to maintain its leadership in cost reduction despite the presence of other low cost airlines. The successfulness of competitive advantage of the company include its ability to lower down costs to compete with low fares offered by other competitive carriers while at the same time remains profitable. This is done through: 10.1 FLEET COMMONALITY The airlines fleet is consist of Boeing 737, the most common aircraft being used by most of the carriers at present. Keep using the same aircrafts in the fleet made easy for ryanair to get spares and maintenance services easily. 10.2 CONTRACTING OUT OF SERVICES Other than Dublin Airport where the firm maintains its staff and services, Ryan Air outsources its contracts of aircraft handling, ticketing, baggage handling and other functions to third parties, so it makes easy for ryanair to get cheap competitive rates and make the long term contracts on the said rates. Third party contracts also limit Ryan Airs direct exposure to staff retention responsibilities and potential disputes. 10.3 AIRPORT CHARGES AND ROUTE POLICY Airport charges include landing fees, passenger loading fees, aircraft parking fees and noise surcharges. To make reduction in these particular charges ryanair avoids to use main congested airports and chooses secondary and regional airport destinations which works as effective competitive advantage to increase passengers output. 10.4 STAFF COSTS AND PRODUCTIVITY In order to control employee compensation costs, the firm implements a performance related pay structure. Although the company provides lower labor costs, the employees can earn additional pay or remuneration base on their performance. 10.5 MARKETING COST To reduce marketing costs, ryanair tries to avoid the services of travel agents. If it is necessary to get the travel agent services then it will be getting at lowest possible commission. Main advertisement tools of ryanair are newspapers, radio, television and its company website. 11. FUTURE STRATEGY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 11.1 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Most important corporate level strategy in current economical condition of the world is to use mergers and acquisitions policy if necessary. As ryanair continues growth will help the company to think about to exquisite other companies such as Buzz, in order to improve its capabilities and acquire more competitive advantage. 11.2 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The human resources of the company are not seen as a potential source of competitive advantage. The company do not seem to value its people. The belief is getting stronger that companys human resources strategy is the most important source of competitive advantage. Companys staff retention policy is the main objective of sustainable competitive advantage. In a fast-changing environment where technological innovations and other strategies can be copied, it is the human resources that bring a sustainable competitive advantage. Ryan Air, in its commitment to low-cost airfare have sacrificed its processes and services, but in the future ryanair will have to think to adopt some effective human resource strategies to make their staff work for them in the long run. REFERENCES 1. http://university-essays.tripod.com/porters_5_forces_analysis.html 2. http://www.slideshare.net/The_E_group/Ryanair-Study-version-7 3. Strategic Planning, Prof. Alex Scott 2008 4. Marketing Management, Philip Kotler Kevin Lane Keller 2006 5. http://www.centreforaviation.com/news/2009/06/03/ryanair-swot-analysis-addicted-to-growth-a-great-model-for-bad-times/page1 6. Clark, Andrew (2004), No How low can they go? The Guardian, June 5, 2004. 7. http://www.eubusiness.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=17503 8. http://www.grin.com/e-book/50631/the-ryan-air-model-success-and-impact-on-the-european-aviation-market 9. http://www.bitterwallet.com/ryanair-immune-from-ad-regulations-while-oft-dilly-dally/12473

World climate change

IntroductionThe ambiance and interact with each other, the Earth changes the orbit, volcanic eruptions and the energy received from Sun alterations – these are consequences of the universe clime alteration. Over 100 yeas ago, people had begun firing coal, gas and oil, which lead to climate alteration and causation nursery consequence and planetary heating. As a consequence of the human activities the emanation of nursery gases, such as C dioxide, azotic oxide and methane, influence on planetary heating and leads to atmosphere that known as â€Å"greenhouse effect† . Merely because of combustion of fossil fuels, every twelvemonth over 30 billion metric tons of C dioxide go oning emitted to atmosphere and even 7 billion metric tons to boot go oning to breathe by deforestation activities. Increasing concentration of C dioxide in the ambiance can increase planetary temperature to 7A °C and influence on the planetary biggest ecosystems to resistless recession. For comparin g, increasing temperature to 2A °C can take to disappearance of 20 – 30 % of species. The nursery gases – azotic oxide and methane are increasing by human activities as good and have less powerful nursery consequence than C dioxide. Methane produces on topographic points such as landfill sites, favored bogs and besides in the backbones of domestic animate beings. Amount of azotic oxide is increasing by N fertilizers being used in agribusiness. During the last 20 – 30 old ages the Arctic has been heating twice than remainder of the universe. Land – ice and snow screen is decreased, during this period, which effects the land heats faster than sea. This heating leads to conditions that Northern Hemisphere is warming more than Southern. In fact, sea degree is rises, because of ice thaws, when warming clime cause that H2O from melted glaciers flows into the oceans ; and thermic enlargement – when warming clime leads to warming H2O in ocean, which is cause sea degree rise.The Kyoto understandingIn 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan was adopted and in 2005 entered into force the Kyoto understanding – international understanding – Convention on Climate Change. In the Kyoto understanding set marks for 37 industrialized states and the European community to cut down nursery gas emanation. Harmonizing to the Kyoto understanding, the states should accomplish marks through national steps and offers three market based mechanisms for it ; emanation trading, clean development mechanism and joint execution. Emission trading or the C market is administrative control of emanation. All parties of the protocol accepted mark to restrict or cut down emanation. Just because of C dioxide chiefly is the chief nursery gas, that ‘s why C now traded like other merchandises. The clean development mechanism allows to a state with emanation decrease or restriction committedness to work on emanation decrease undertakings in developing states. Joint execution allows to a state with emission restriction or decrease committedness from emanation decrease or remotion undertakings to gain emanation decrease units. Harmonizing to the protocol, emanations of states have to be monitored and all these records should be kept. The chief aim of the Kyoto protocol is to cut down corporate emanation of nursery gases by 5 % in comparing with twelvemonth 1990. The emanation mark for each state should be achieved by 2008 – 2012 old ages. The Kyoto protocol is the first measure in planetary decrease of emanation and stabilizing of nursery gases.The causes and effects of clime alterationThere are exist two classs of clime alteration causes: natural and human-made. Presents, scientists in the universe concerned about clime alteration are speed up because of human activities. Natural clime alteration causes. Climate on the Earth changed through influence by natural causes like orbital alterations of the Earth, volcanic eruptions, solar fluctuations, ocean current etc. Volcano eruptions lead to elimination of sulfur dioxide, dust, ash and H2O vapor to the ambiance, which is influence the clime by increasing planetal coefficient of reflection that causes atmospheric chilling. The chief constituent of clime is the oceans. Huge sum of heat moves across the Earth by ocean currents. The sea surface pushes horizontally by air current. Deep ocean H2O moves in way from the poles to the equator and motion of warm H2O back from equator to the poles. The poles would be colder and equator warmer without this H2O circulation. The atmospheric concentration of CO2 determines by the ocean H2O circulation. Changes of the Earth orbit: The tilt alterations of the Earth may take to little but of import clime alterations ; more jousts leads to warmer summers and colder winters and less jousts leads to colder summer and heater winter. This sort of little clime alterations thereby produce ice ages. Solar fluctuations: Small alterations in solar system can take to climate alterations. Scientific surveies demonstrate that clime alterations occurred in the past by solar fluctuations. For illustration, the Little ice age between 1650 – 1850 triggered by solar activity decreasing. However, solar fluctuations can non do planetary heating. Measurements, which were done in the early 1980-s showed that the entire sum of solar energy making the planet decreased of 0,1 % in the period merely over 18 months. Some of scientists tried to happen nexus between clime alteration and maculas. Sunspots are magnetic storms, which are seen dark countries on Sun. However, scientific researches showed that maculas prevented energy of the Sun from go forthing its surface. Human causes of clime alteration. Scientific grounds of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) shows that human activities lead to climate alteration and influence on planetary clime. The chief ground of human activities that lead to climate alteration is the combustion of fossil fuels ( oil, coal and gas ) and deforestation. Fossil fuels like oil, gas and coal are resources of energy to bring forth electricity, run vehicles and as a consequence of it the big sum of C dioxide, methane and azotic oxide have been emitted to the ambiance. The chief causes of clime alteration in the UK are: 4 % C emanations from industries ; 7 % from agribusiness ; 21 % from conveyance ; 65 % from energy generate procedure by the use of fuel. The beginnings with the biggest sum of emanation are conveyance, air travel and use of energy in families. Harmonizing to the IPCC, the three chief causes of the nursery gases addition are land usage, fossil fuels and agribusiness. Agriculture has important influence on clime alteration by production and release nursery gases. Agriculture cause clime alteration by alarming land screen of the Earth, which leads to act upon on ability to absorb and reflect the heat and visible radiation. The combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation and desertification are the chief beginnings of C dioxide emanation. Deforestation leads to construct up more CO2 in the ambiance. We know that trees absorb CO2. Cuting down rainforest leads to increasing CO2 in the ambiance by 17 % . The recent study of the IPCC says that temperature on the Earth in the period of from 1906 to 2005 has increased by 0.74A °C and temperature are continue to increase. The mean temperature of the Earth is 14 A °C. In instance of natural nurseries consequence did n't be, the mean temperature would be minus 19A °C. A assortment of gases causes greenhouse consequence. The important part for it makes H2O bluess. CO2 – followed by H2O bluess, causes the content of nursery gases in the ambiance. Current concentration of CO2 in the ambiance is 385 ppm. Before of the industrialization, it was – 280 ppm. Air analysis from ice cap of the Antarctic showed that air contained CO2 more than remainder of gases and than in the all period of 650000 old ages.Consequence of clime alterationNowadays people can detect effects of planetary clime alteration on ambiance, human wellness, agribusiness, economic etc. Ice on lakes and rivers interrupting up earlier, glaciers have been shrunk, trees blooming earlier, some types of animate beings and workss are shifted. Climate alteration effects were predicted by scientists in the yesteryear, which is go oning: sea degree rises faster and longer, sea ice is loss, more intense heat moving ridges. Scientists rather confident about lifting planetary temperatures for decennaries, which have been caused by nursery gases from human – made activities. Harmonizing to the IPCC, clime alteration consequence will be vary in some parts over clip, which is depend on the abilities of environmental and societal systems for version and extenuation for alterations. IPCC says that lifting of planetary temperature by 1-3A °C in comparing with 1990 will consequence beneficially on some parts and detrimentally on others. These conditions will consequence economic state of affairs of states as good. Some of planetary clime alteration impacts on parts are following:Europe Risk of inland inundations are increasing, coastal implosion therapy and eroding from inundations are increasing and sea degree is lifting, snow screen and winter touristry is reduced, glaciers in mountain country is retreats, harvest productiveness decrease in southern EuropeAsia In south, east, sou'-east and cardinal Asia predicted decreasing of fresh H2O by the 2050, coastal countries under increasing hazard of implosion therapy, therefore decease rate from inundations and drouths can be increased in some parts.Africa Water emphasis traveling to be increased by 2020, outputs from rain-fed agribusiness in some parts can be reduced by up to 50 % by 2020, badly impact can be on agribusiness production.North America In the western mountains of North America snowpack is diminishing and therefore, outputs of rain-fed agribusiness of some parts is increasing, strength, continuance and frequence oh heat moving ridges is increasing in metropolissSouth America In eastern Arizona tropical woods replacing bit by bit by Savannah, in some tropical countries species extinction leads to the important hazard of biodiversity loss, impact on agribusiness, H2O handiness and energy coevals.Skeptics and lobbyist about clime alterationHaving talked about clime alteration the most likely to run into skeptics, who denies climate alteration effects by seeing confederacy of grant – hungry broad scientists, or rely on viing theories, or see climate alteration as misrepres entation from authorities. All brief information on causes and effects of planetary clime alteration shows important hazard for the full universe in all facets of life. Harmonizing to Pew Global Attitudes Survey 2006, 47 % of Americans 37 % Chinese people do n't concern about clime alteration job. These states is the chief manufacturers of nursery gases and non responsible on C, which goes up to the ambiance and effects the full universe. The Competitive Enterprise Institute ( CEI ) , which supported financially by such companies as Amoco, Ford Motor Co, Exxon Mobile, Texaco etc, supply information to skeptics. Harmonizing to the CEI, if there are topographic point for scientific argument on clime alteration its agencies that there are non scientific consensus about planetary clime alteration.Aims of the Kyoto understanding awaken â€Å"deep pocket† and are non good for such large industries.Skeptics says that alliance financed by big corporations and trade groups from oil, c oal, car industries and budget of the Kyoto protocol in 1997 was $ 1,68mln. During 1990s alliance conducted million dollar advertisement runs, politicians and scientists were debating on how people perilously heat the planet. Presents, their arguments changed on how to respond on lifting temperature.

Marketing Plan For An Affiliate Marketing Program Essay

Online Affiliate Marketing is a revenue sharing venture between a website owner and an online merchant. The website owner will place advertisements on his websites to either help sell the merchant s products or to send potential customers to the merchant s website, all in exchange for a share of the profits. Affiliate Marketing Program An affiliate marketing program is sometimes called an affiliate program, but also may be referred to as a pay-for-performance program or an associate program. An affiliate program is a marketing tool for the e-business that operates it, called merchant or advertiser and a source of revenue for the e-business that participates in it, called an affiliate or associate or publisher. There are three ways to earn money through affiliate marketing: 1) Pay per Click or Cost-per-click affiliate programs: Every time a potential customer leaves the affiliate website by clicking on the link leading to the merchant s website, a certain amount of money is deposited in the affiliate s account. This amount can be pennies or dollars depending on the product and amount of the commission. 2) Pay per Lead or Cost-per-lead affiliate programs: The merchant pays the affiliate a set fee for each visitor who clicks through and takes and action at the merchant s site, such as completing an online survey, registering at the site, or opting-in to receive e-mail. 3) Pay per Sale or Cost-per-sale affiliate programs: Every time a sale is made as a result ofShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For An Affiliate Program Manager819 Words   |  4 Pages The ways in which an affiliate can promote your product can be diverse and cover many variances from social media to free sites, content promotion to banner and text link placements. As long as the affiliate complies with the affiliate programs â€Å"Terms of Service† and â€Å"Rules and Regulations†, the opportunities in which to promote a product are endless. Affiliates are a vital contribution to the traffic source of a website as they provide traffic that the affiliate program may not already have accessRead MoreThe Lifeblood On Any Online Business Is Traffic And Visibility1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe lifeblood on any online business is traffic and visibility. To get the most traffic, merchants create affiliate programs, literally a virtual sales team to help promote their site and products. Anyone can sign up to be an affiliate to most affiliate programs. You promote their products, they do all the customer service, shipping, and refunds of the product. You promote, and when the merchant makes a sale from a customer that you referred, you make a commission. The merchant may choose toRead MoreSearch Engine Optimization ( Seo )1484 Words   |  6 PagesIt is no exaggeration that you live in a digital world and from that perspective it is imperative that your business has an impressive presence in the digital space.In essence, digital marketing is the future of marketing in the world with the added advantages that it is cheaper than traditional marketing and is measurable. Let’s list the different ways you can use the digital medium to popularize and drive conversions for your startup or business. digital_mkt 1. Search Engine Optimization (SEO)Read MoreCrocs 4p830 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This is an E-marketing report of Crocs Inc. (a designer, manufacturer and retailer of footwear). In this paper, Crocs’s current E-marketing strategy and the current position of the company will be analyzed. Next, a coherent e-marketing plan will be proposed based on the understanding of Crocs’s current marketing mix. Moreover, the implementation of the analysis and recommendations for the future development are likewise presented. Source: http://www.crocs.com/home/homepageRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Ge Healthcare- Digital Marketing1003 Words   |  5 Pages GE Healthcare- Digital marketing KULDIP MEDHE GE healthcare deliver services to people around the globe using transformational medical technologies. Among them are services such as biopharmaceutical manufacturing technologies, medical diagnostics, medical imaging and information technologies, patient monitoring systems, drug discovery, and performance solutions services. The ultimate goal of using digital marketing strategy is for customer and market acquisition. The reason being is acquireRead MoreThe Fashion Channel ( Tfc )820 Words   |  4 Pageslifetime and ESPN receive higher ratings and charge a premium fee. CEO Thomas knows the problem and hired an experienced marketer - Dana Wheeler as senior vice president of marketing to restore TFC ‘s leadership in market and to jump up revenues. The five types of research The dynamic of Ad sales and the stable affiliate fee are major revenue to TFC; the viewers’ rating affects the Ad sales. Wheeler study these research materials before making a decision. First exhibit, viewers’ demographicsRead MoreEssay On Marketing Strategy1006 Words   |  5 Pages5 Effective Marketing Strategies for Startups in 2018 Well, 2018 is a year most marketing strategists are re-evaluating the effectiveness of their plans as they position themselves on a better competitive edge and startups have not been left behind. A lean budget is necessary coupled with the need to do things better than the last financial year for greater success. This is why; grounding successful marketing programs in 2018 will require one to stay up to speed with emerging market trends withoutRead MoreHarvard Business Review - the Fashion Channel1469 Words   |  6 PagesBy June 2006, Jared Thomas rethink his approach to marketing, he told his senior team that it’s time to buile a modern strategy and secure TFC’s position as the market leader. Thomas also wanted to hire an expirienced marketer to develop marketing and brand-building programs to support TFC’s continued growth. Enter Dana Wheeler in July 2006. Thomas expected that Wheeler would draw on these strengths to help TFC became star again. Wheeler’s Plan Wheeler had been warned by Ad Sales that TFC had toRead MoreDynamic Sales Leader With Expertise For The National Club Association Essay799 Words   |  4 Pagessuperior customer service and understanding member preferences in order to create activities and programs that exceed member expectations and enhance their level of satisfaction. Exceptional interpersonal skills; self-assured in building relationships with current and prospective members to develop and sustain long-term growth Planned, organized and executed special events that achieved specific marketing and financial objectives to attract and retain membership ACCOMPLISHMENTS Sales ManagementRead MoreAffiliate Marketing: The Case of Online Content Providers in Bangladesh4672 Words   |  19 PagesSocial Sciences Vol. 3. No. 2. March 2013 Issue. Pp. 103 – 113 Affiliate Marketing: The Case of Online Content Providers in Bangladesh Farooq Hossan* and Issa Ahammad** The purpose of this study is to explore the knowledge of affiliate marketing and investigate the views of content providers toward it in Bangladesh. Both primary and secondary data are used in this paper. This paper is exploratory in nature. Affiliate marketing is an agreement between a merchant and content providers to promote

Alum Crystals Photo Gallery